從非典到新冠肺炎
From SARS to Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) - English version is in the second half
新冠肺炎,Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) 新型冠状病毒肺炎,疫情越來越嚴重,被證實可以人傳人,也在武漢以外的許多地方發現病例,造成世界各國及世界衛生組織(WHO)高度關切,當然也讓很多住在中國大陸及附近區域的華人非常緊張,就好像當年的非典肺炎疫情即將再一次大爆發一樣。
目前,現代醫學還沒有找到治療新冠肺炎的方法,只能針對某些症狀來處理,疫苗的研發更是遙遙無期。怎麼辦?每次遇到這種情況,中醫就會被搬出來,這次也不例外。新冠肺炎爆發後,網上馬上有許多中醫對付新冠肺炎的文章。當然,除非哪位中醫師看過、治好過大量的新冠肺炎病例,所有的討論都是猜想、假設。然而,有些猜想及假設值得參考,有些猜想及假設卻明顯在誤導大眾。
我還沒有治療過新冠肺炎,不能大肆評論。不過,我治好過很多禽流感、豬流感、及每年流感導致的嚴重肺炎及其它病變的病人。其中許多病人是被美國大型西醫院證實為嚴重肺炎,被要求醫院或居家隔離,偷偷溜出來找中醫看診的。也因此許多病人及討論中醫的網站,希望我能針對新冠肺炎發表一些意見。
我們以前就討論過,這些彪悍的流感病毒,經過那麼多年、那麼多次的變種(mutation),每年都不一樣,東漢時期傳下來的經典中醫,根本沒有遇到過現在的病毒,怎麼可能治療如此嚴重的肺炎呢?
中醫從來就不認識病毒,也不從病毒種類的角度來思考。中醫是探討人體受到外界因素破壞,失去平衡後,身體會有哪些現象、哪些反應,根據那些現象、那些反應來調整身體狀況,期待身體能恢復到平衡狀態,把外界因素帶來的破壞減到最小。我打個半開玩笑的比方,警匪槍戰時,我們注意到壞人哪個方向來的火力強大,造成我們部署在哪個位置的警員傷亡,這時我們會趕緊重新部署人員,或者想辦法增派警力,我們大概無暇去管壞人是用哪個牌子的槍、哪個工廠做的子彈!
雖然幾百年幾千年下來,病毒變種等等的外界因素改變了非常多,人體演化的改變卻非常有限。人體的功能,無論是怎麼被破壞的,某項功能被破壞而導致的症狀、反應、後續演變,卻依然有明顯的脈絡可循。也因為如此,在很多情況下,中醫以專注人體本身平衡狀態的治療方式,反而比西醫專注在外來敵人的治療方式來得有效許多。
依據多年累積大量的臨床病例觀察,無論是禽流感、豬流感、還是每年的流感,人體敗壞的進程依然如同傷寒雜病論探討的一樣,非常簡化的說,從一般桂枝湯證、葛根湯證等的表寒,轉變到小青龍湯證等的裡寒,津液不足、水道運化失調而化熱,變成比較嚴重的大青龍湯證,或者更嚴重肺臟的寒熱夾雜,金匮要略肺痿肺癰咳嗽上氣病脈證治第七篇中的射干麻黃證、葶藶大棗瀉肺湯證、澤漆湯證、小青龍加石膏湯證等等混雜出現,搞得亂七八糟,也不再是什麼簡單方劑可以對應的。
然而,雖然進程很像,不同於一般外感的是,這些嚴重流感肺炎病情加重的改變速度快非常多,也來得猛烈頑強很多。一般的外感從桂枝湯證、葛根湯證等轉變到大青龍湯證或更複雜的病情,通常需要一兩週的時間。同時,還得病人自己非常不注意,或者醫生治療錯誤,一般感冒才會沒辦法自己好,反而變成嚴重的病症。這幾年的流感,從一開始覺得不太對勁,到嚴重複雜的病情,只需要三四天,而且有越來越快的趨勢。這大幅提高中醫師治療流感時,判斷功力及敏感度的要求,中醫師必須在許多症狀還沒有出現時,就得抓緊時間,趕緊行動,卻又不能預防過度,反而讓病情加重。換句話說,時機、劑量、藥材比例變得非常重要,稍有不慎,就無法反轉病情。
舉個例子,有些病人得了流感,咳嗽非常嚴重,痰非常多,呼吸困難。依照中醫的辨證,假如一致都是寒,舌苔白、小便清、怕冷等等,本來依照辨證論治,我們可能會開射干麻黃湯加減給病人。然而,因為流感的進程非常快速,中醫師得非常敏感,譬如看到舌苔白卻帶有一絲絲乾的感覺,就很可能得加上大寒的石膏來避免肺喪失津液,卻又不能加太多石膏,以免肺寒加重。又譬如聽到咳嗽聲音非常深沈,從肺的底部發出,又帶有膿痰的濁音,就很可能得加上瀉肺的葶藶來避免肺中水飲、痰飲大幅增加,卻又不能加太多葶藶,以免肺變得太虛弱。
我們回頭來看這次的新冠肺炎。根據有限的資訊,我們知道感染後有大約兩週的潛伏期,這段時間沒有什麼症狀,病人可能只會感到有些疲憊。剛開始發病時,很像一般的感冒,病人會發熱、乏力,並不嚴重,沒有什麼流鼻涕等上呼吸道的症狀,有的甚至沒有發熱。約一半的病人一週多後恢復,另一半的病人卻在一週後出現呼吸困難,有些病人會快速進展為急性呼吸窘迫綜合征、膿毒症休克、代謝性酸中毒、凝血功能障礙等等嚴重的問題,可能導致死亡。
從上面的敘述,我們不難發現,一開始很像一般中醫外感的桂枝湯證、葛根湯證,一半的病人也就自己恢復了,另一半的病人卻出現快速的入裡化熱現象,肺津液迅速流失,非常濃稠的痰飲沈積在肺部下方。同時,中醫認為肺為人體調節津液的源頭,肺金生水,好比天空下雨一般,而當肺的功能及津液調節出現嚴重障礙,很快就會拖累三焦水道、腎臟等的功能,導致上面提到的幾種嚴重病情。換句話說,新冠肺炎可以讓輕微的太陽證外感,迅速發展成嚴重的肺痿肺癰,再進一步瓦解人體其它功能的運作。
怎麼治療?在沒有直接治療武漢肺炎病人的情況下,我們也只能根據有限的資訊來推論,不過,以前大量的流感肺炎治療病例,可以讓我們比較有信心的面對新冠肺炎。當病人已經出現明顯新冠肺炎症狀時,大多已經入裡化熱,嚴重的肺痿肺癰。這個時候,得用大劑量的石膏清肺熱、加強肺津液運作。也得靠葶藶、大戟等把肺下方濃稠的痰飲及胸腔可能的積液去掉,痰飲積液不去,是無法修復肺家津液運作的。同時,肺氣不宣,就好像吸管上頭堵住了,吸管內的水無法上下,我們還得使用麻黃等宣肺、發陽的中藥來配合。另外,肺已經受損了,除了大動作急救外,比較穩定後,還得靠一些潤肺的藥來收尾,讓肺完全恢復。如果我們列一個可能加入的中藥單,大致有石膏、葶藶子、大戟、生半夏、麻黃、射干、紫菀 、款冬花、 生薑、炙甘草、紅棗、麥門冬、杏仁等等。當然,如前面所言,用藥的時機、劑量、藥材比例非常重要,每一個病人的差異也很大,嚴格考驗中醫師的功力與膽識,一旦判斷錯誤,不但沒有效果,反而可能會加重病情。
網上有些中醫師,說新冠肺炎或其它流感肺炎可以用板藍根清熱解毒來治好。也有些中醫師說可以用麥門冬湯等等的輕劑治好嚴重的肺炎。甚至還有些中醫師說多喝綠豆湯可以預防新冠肺炎!其實,真的遇過、治好過禽流感、豬流感等嚴重流感肺炎的中醫師,一看這些文章,就幾乎可以確定這些人根本沒有治療過嚴重肺炎的經驗,充其量只是在西醫治療下,在旁邊幫幫病人一些小忙而已。這樣的情況下,難怪中國政府平時大力推展中醫,真的有如同新冠肺炎這樣重大疫情爆發時,卻看不到中國政府大量使用中醫方法來治療病人、控制疫情。醫學是實戰的學問,沒有大量臨床病例,講得再好聽都是沒有用的,如果希望中醫真的在主流醫學裡站立起來,希望中醫真的能面對大規模的疫情,回歸最基本的臨床療效,才是最重要的,其它都只像是武術表演,而非實際作戰。
From SARS to Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Written in Chinese by Dr. Andy Lee, January 21, 2020
Translated to English by Dr. James Yeh and Dr. Andy Lee, March 28, 2020
The epidemic from Novel Coronavirus is becoming much more serious. Transmissivity among people has been proven. (Note: It's now named COVID–19. The term “Coronavirus” will be used here.) Cases were found in areas beyond Wuhan. It has caused serious attentions from the WHO (World Health Organization) and many countries around the world. The residents in China and the surrounding regions are quite worried and wonder whether it will break out like SARS (2003). (Note: The article was written on January 21, 2020, before Coronavirus became a global pandemic.)
So far, the modern medical field has not found a cure for Coronavirus, but resorts to treating patients’ symptoms only. Any vaccine to treat Coronavirus is still no way in the sight. What do we do? Every time such a situation happens, the topic of using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is raised (at least among the Chinese communities). There is no exception this time. Many articles related to using TCM on Coronavirus have been popping up on the web. However, unless some TCM doctors who have actually treated many Coronavirus cases, all the discussion would be hypotheses or assumptions. Some hypotheses are worth considering while many others could be quite misleading.
Personally I have not treated patients cases related to Coronavirus. (Note: Shortly after this writing, the author has directly and indirectly participated in treating patients of Coronavirus successfully, and has published other later blogs which included his involvement in treating those patients. Please refer to his medical blog http://www.DrLee.us.) However, I did treat and cure patients inflicted by other viruses in the past, such as the Bird Flu, Swine Flu, and other influenza. A good amount of those patients were diagnosed as severe pneumonia by large hospitals and were required for isolation or self-quarantine. Hence many of patients and online medical forums online are asking for my opinions about Coronavirus.
As we discussed before, all these viruses from the outbreaks are either newly found or mutated from previous strands. The strand can be different every year. Therefore, people always ask how one can say that the TCM knowledge developed in East Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) would be any useful for treating the modern diseases, let alone the severe ones.
It turns out that TCM does not recognize any virus and does not deal with the concept of which type of virus is microscopically at work. TCM looks at how human bodies would become out-of-balance and react to external stimuli. Once the body is out of balance, what symptoms will exhibit and what reactions will be to adjust the body conditions to regain the balance, hence to reduce the damage to the body to the minimum. Let me take an example to illustrate: when there is a gunfight between the police and bandits, we want to see which direction the shots are coming from, causing casualties of the police force, so that we are able to adjust or reinforce the police power. We have no time to think about which brand of the guns or bullets the bandits use.
Over thousands of years, the external viruses have changed and evolved quite a bit, but the evolution of human beings was quite limited. The human body function, no matter how it was damaged, the symptoms due to the damage of the function, the reactions, and the following progression of the disease still follow certain paths. For this very reason, TCM’s focus on the balance of the human body often surpasses the effectiveness of Western medicine, which focuses more on external treats and the microscopic aspect of how human body’s cells are impacted by the external treats.
From the accumulation of many years of clinical treatment and observations, no matter it is Bird Flu, Swine Flu or other influenza, the bodily ‘damage’ and its progression by the viral attack still follow the description of the classic TCM literature “Treatise on Cold Damage on Miscellaneous Disease” (傷寒雜病論). In short summary, the disease usually starts with “Exterior Deficiency or Weakness” (表虛) or “External Coldness” (表寒), for which is matched to one of the several syndromes named with the corresponding herbal remedies such as “Gui Zhi Tang” (桂枝湯) and “Ge Geng Tang” (葛根湯). Then, the disease moves onto the next stage “Interior Coldness” (裡寒) or “Lung Coldness” (肺寒), which shows the syndromes named as “Xiao Qing Long Tang” (小青龍湯), etc. When the respiratory system is “affected by the coldness”, the body fluid function of the respiratory system gets affected. The circulation function of the lung becomes “Dry and Overheated” (燥热). This would lead to a more serious stage “Heated Interior” (入裡化熱) and would often be matched to its herbal remedy “Da Qing Long Tang” (大青龍湯). Or, even worse, it becomes so-called “mixed coldness and heat” (寒熱夾雜) in the lung. Such a complex situation was extensively discussed in Chapter 7 of the classic literature “Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber” (金匮要略肺痿肺癰咳嗽上氣病脈證治第七篇). At this complex stage, the illness development varies significantly among patients of different preconditions and other variants. It is no longer the situation that a simple herbal remedy can be applied to all the situations. The TCM theory illustrates various treatments by those herbal remedies such as “She Gan Ma Hung Tang” (射干麻黃湯), “Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang” (葶藶大棗瀉肺湯), ”Ze Qi Tang” (澤漆湯), “Xiao Qing Long Jia Shi Gao Tang” (小青龍加石膏湯), and others.
However, even the disease progressions are similar, the more serious viral attacks like Coronavirus can and often do progress much faster with more severe consequences than the common flu. As described in the previous paragraph, normally the disease progression of the “External Coldness” stage to the more serious “Heated Interior” stage usually takes one to two weeks. It is also often due to the ignorance of the patient or misdiagnosis and treatment of the doctor, which prevents the patient from recovering from this “catching a cold”. In the recent several years though, the time period between the time that the patient did not feel well and the time that the patient is in a serious and complex situation can be as short as 3 to 4 days. We also see the trend that this period gets shorter and shorter. In other words, the disease progression is getting much faster. This phenomenon poses a much higher demand on TCM doctors’ ability to make a quick and proper judgment and sensitivity to the subject matter. TCM doctors must intercept the disease progression before it reaches to a more serious stage, even without obvious symptoms of the next stage. TCM doctors have to timely prescribe the proper herbal remedy in terms of the type of herbs and relative dosages of herbs. Too weak a dosage could not stop the progression while too strong a dosage could worsen the condition also. A misjudgment would not be able the turn the conditions around, but hurt the patient more.
The above can be illustrated by a simple example. A patient caught flu and has symptoms such as heavy coughing, lots of sputum, and difficulty in breathing. From the TCM dialectics, with observations of white tongue coating, clear urine, and feeling chilly, etc., it is clearly caused by “Coldness”. Such a patient typically should be prescribed with “She Gan Ma Hung Tang” (射干麻黃湯) or its variations. However, due to the fast progression of the modern flu, the TCM doctor would need to pay attention to much subtle details such as the dryness of the tongue although it still shows the white coating. In this case, Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum, 生石膏) might need to be added to the herbal remedy to make sure that the lung would not suffer dryness. Given that Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum, 生石膏) itself is an ingredicient that is “very cold” in nature, the dosage could not be too strong to make the lung too chilly. At the opposite end of the spectrum, if the sound of the coughing is very ‘deep’, like dense sputum coming from the bottom of the lung, the herbal remedy might need to add Ting Li (Sisymbrium indicum, 葶藶) to clear up the lung to avoid too much mucus in the lung. And again, the dosage of葶藶 could not be too much to weaken the lung. (Note: Handling the proper timing and proper remedy can be a real test to the ability and experience of the TCM doctor.)
Let’s go back to the discussion on Coronavirus. From the limited information available so far, we know that there are about two weeks of incubation period after the infection. There are little symptoms during this period and the patient may just feel more tired than usual. More obvious symptoms will start like those of common flu with fever, fatigue but not too serious. Upper respiratory symptoms like running nose are less common. Some patients may not even exhibit fever. About half of the patients infected will recover over a week or so. The other half of the patients will experience difficulty in breathing, or rapid progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulopathy, etc. Some patients had died due to these severe conditions.
From the above description, this Coronavirus, in the beginning, is very much like the common flu and will stay in stages of “Exterior Deficiency or Weakness” (表虛) or “External Coldness” (表寒). Half of the patients infected will recover by themselves as in common cold. The other half of the patients may exhibit situations of rapid penetration into inner organs and excess ‘heat’, which causes loss of fluidity of respiratory system and accumulation of dense sputum at the lower part of the lung. In the TCM theory, the lung serves as the initial “gating factor” of body fluids. When the lung fails to serve the proper function, other organs like the kidney will be adversely affected also. In other words, Coronavirus can turn a light “External Coldness” to extremely severe “Lung Atrophy” (肺痿) and “Lung Abscess” (肺癰), which in turn will impair the function of other organs.
How to treat? Without direct experience of treating Coronavirus patients, we can only postulate from our limited information available in hand. (Note: Shortly after this writing, the author has directly and indirectly participated in treating patients of Coronavirus successfully. The treatments were exactly as outlined in this article.) From the ample experience of dealing pneumonia cases caused by flu, we are confident that we can also treat Coronavirus successfully. When patients are showing the obvious Coronavirus symptoms, most of them would have entered the stage of “Heated Interior” (入裡化熱) with “Lung Atrophy” (肺痿) or “Lung Abscess” (肺癰) to a certain degree. At this stage, we will need large dosages of Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum, 生石膏) to clear the heat to ensure the proper fluidity function of the lung. Also, we will rely on Ting Li (Sisymbrium indicum, 葶藶), Da Ji (Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., 大戟), etc. to clear up the dense mucus at the lower part of the lung and to remove the edema of the chest chamber. Without getting rid of the excess mucus and fluid, the lung cannot properly function. We need to use Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica Stapf., 麻黃), etc. to enhance the lung function (宣肺、發陽) and restore proper breathing. When the lung is damaged as in fibrosis, after the conditions stabilize, we need to “moisturize” the lung (润肺) to help the lung to recover fully. In other words, we will most likely use the herbal ingredients such as Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum, 生石膏), Ting Li (Sisymbrium indicum, 葶藶), Da Ji (Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., 大戟), Sheng Ban Xia (Pinellia ternate, 生半夏), Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica Stapf., 麻黃), She Gan (Belamcanda chinensis, 射干), Zi Wan (Aster tataricus, 紫菀), Kuan Dong Hua (Tussilago farfara flower, 款冬花), Sheng Jiang (Ginger, 生薑), Zhi Gan Cao (processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., 炙甘草), Hong Zao (Ziziphus jujube, 紅棗), Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon japonicas, 麥門冬), Xing Ren (Prunus armeniaca, 杏仁), and others. As we discussed in previous paragraphs, the timing, dosage, the relative ratios of different herbal ingredients are very critical. Given that there are quite some variations in patient conditions, the challenges on TCM doctors’ comprehensive knowledge, judgment and courage are unprecedented.
In those articles online, some TCM doctors claimed that Coronavirus can be cured by Ban Lan Gen (Isatis tinctoria root, 板藍根), which is believed to have natural antibiotic chemicals to “clear up the heat and toxics”. Some TCM doctors suggested using a simple mild herbal remedy “Mai Men Dong Tang” (麥門冬湯), which mainly relies on the ingredient Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon japonicas, 麥門冬). Some people even suggested that having the green bean soup could prevent Coronavirus. In fact, those TCM doctors who have good experience of treating Bird Flu, Swine Flu, and pneumonia caused by other influenza would know that the people making those claims never had the real experience of treating severe pneumonia. They at most helped in a minor way the patients under Western medicine treatments. Under such conditions, it is not a surprise that the China government has not used TCM as the primary method of treating Coronavirus, despite its big promotion of TCM in the recent years. (Note: After this writing, Coronavirus epidemic became so severe in China that the China government changed its strategy and started to use TCM extensively in treating many mild Coronaviurs cases.)
Medicine is the science based on real treatment results. Without a good amount of successful cases in clinical treatments, it is useless to promote any fancy idea of treating patients. If we would like TCM to be respected in the mainstream medicine and to be meaningfully used in a severe epidemic like Coronavirus, it is critical to focus on the most fundamental. That’s the clinical results. Like the martial arts, unless you can fight off the bad guys, it’s just a show of fancy movements.
(http://andylee.pro/wp/?p=7169)
#當張仲景遇上史丹佛
同時也有7部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過5,510的網紅李嫣 JC,也在其Youtube影片中提到,大家最近是不是跟我一樣待在家卯起來追劇? 記得訂閱開啟小鈴鐺 ➧ https://reurl.cc/nnlLr1 了解更多 ➧ https://linkby.tw/bibo_li 今天要來和大家分享一首我的創作,靈感就是來自於一部英國的影集,叫作“The end of the fucking wo...
「the end of the world 後 會 無期」的推薦目錄:
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 當張仲景遇上史丹佛 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 玳瑚師父 Master Dai Hu Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 李嫣 JC Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 蔡佩軒 Ariel Tsai Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 暗網仔 2.0 Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 GEM 鄧紫棋- 後會無期MV (清晰版連歌詞) - YouTube 的評價
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 the end of the world後會無期在PTT/Dcard完整相關資訊 - 說愛你 的評價
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 the end of the world後會無期在PTT/Dcard完整相關資訊 - 說愛你 的評價
- 關於the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 The End of the World [ 后会无期] Song... - 鲁儒马来西亚 ... 的評價
the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳貼文
[時事英文] The Death Penalty
剛剛看完大家熱烈討論的《我們與惡的距離》The World Between Us 覺得學到不少東西,劇情也直接挑戰大眾對死刑和相關議題的看法。好,點到為止,我就不透漏劇情了。
以下是我編寫關於死刑的一篇文章。無論大家觀點如何,希望以下提供的一些資訊可以幫同學學習英文,關心社會大事及更了解此議題。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
錄音檔: http://bit.ly/2vh27ph
★★★★★★★★★★★★
以下老師提供執行死刑的支持和反對的論點的相關的英文單字及文章,目的是希望幫助各位不論是在英文口試上更得心應手,另外了解正反兩方的觀點也才能讓各位的辯證更有說服力。
時事詞彙:
pros and cons 利弊
capital punishment/the death penalty 死刑
retribution 應報
state power 國家公權力
deprive…of their right to live 剝奪…生命權
separate them from society 使其永久與社會隔離
the abolition of the death penalty 廢除死刑
do away with 除去;廢除
concepts of law and order 法治觀念
popular consensus and support 民眾之共識與支持
opinion polls 民意調查
respondents 受訪者
complementary measures 相關配套措施
increase upper sentencing limits 提高有期徒刑上限
the threshold for parole for life imprisonment 無期徒刑假釋門檻
amendments 法律修正案
human rights protection 人權之保障
maintaining public security 治安之維護
cruel, inhumane 殘酷, 不人道
on death row 在死刑名單上
administer the death penalty 執行死刑
approve all executions 批准處決
method of execution 行刑方式
hanging 絞刑
retain the death penalty 維持死刑
carry out death penalty 執行死刑
a deterrent to crime or extremism 遏止犯罪或極端主義
lethal injection 致命注射
appeal 上訴; 請求
Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty 台灣廢死聯盟
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty 死刑的利與弊
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Arguments commonly made for supporting the death penalty are:
一般常會被用來支持死刑應該存在的論點如下:
1. To serve as an example to other would-be criminals, to deter them from committing murder or terrorist acts.
會對那些相當可能犯案的潛在罪犯產生警示的作用,並阻止他們犯下任何謀殺或恐怖行為。
2. To punish the criminal for his/her act.
由於他們的犯罪行為,給予懲罰。
3. To obtain retribution on behalf of the victims.
基於受害者的權益,罪犯應當得到相對的懲罰。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Arguments Against 反駁論點
Arguments commonly made to abolish the death penalty are:
一般常會被用來支持死刑應該被廢除的論點如下:
1. Death constitutes “cruel and unusual punishment" and the various means used by the state to kill a criminal are cruel.
死刑的構成其實是殘暴而且不尋常的處罰,再者,目前國家執行死刑的方式,有很多都是非常殘忍的。
2. The death penalty is used disproportionately against the poor, who cannot afford expensive legal counsel, as well as against racial, ethnic and religious minorities.
相對於金字塔頂端的富人,由於那些貧窮的社會階層根本負擔不起昂貴的律師費用,死刑的執行對於他們而言,完全不成比例,另一方面,其實那些種族、少數民族和宗教等弱勢團體也面臨著類似的問題。
3. Wrongly convicted, innocent people have received death penalty sentences, and tragically, were killed by the state.
法律上誤判的狀況,也會導致無辜的人們被判處死刑,因而不幸地被國家殺害。
4. A rehabilitated criminal can make a morally valuable contribution to society.
一位改過自新的罪犯,其實也能就道德層面當中,對這個社會有一些難能可貴的貢獻。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
English and Chinese Script:
The death penalty, with its basis in the theory of retribution, uses state power to deprive convicted criminals of their right to live and separate them from society forever. Since capital punishment is cruel and goes against the notion that punishment should encompass education, the abolition of the death penalty has gradually become a global trend. Many democratic and industrialized countries have completely or conditionally abolished the death penalty.
死刑起源於報應主義,係以國家公權力剝奪罪犯生命權,使其永久與社會隔離,由於手段殘酷,不符刑罰亦具教化之主張,故廢除死刑已漸是世界潮流,許多民主先進國家已廢除死刑或有條件的廢除死刑。
Whether to completely do away with the death penalty depends on the development of society, the maturity of concepts of law and order and popular consensus and support. In opinion polls in recent years, around 80% of respondents have consistently opposed the abolition of the death penalty. Opposition falls to 40% however if complementary measures such as increases in upper sentencing limits and the threshold for parole for life imprisonment are included.
惟是否全面廢除死刑,應視社會發展、法治觀念是否成熟及民眾之共識與支持。根據歷年來所做之相關民意調查,民眾對我國廢止死刑之意見,始終約有百分之八十的受訪者表示反對。但如有相關配套措施,例如提高有期徒刑上限、無期徒刑假釋門檻等,反對意見則約下降至百分之四十。
Evidently, with consideration of complementary measures and education, public support for retribution may be reoriented and a general consensus formed on the gradual abolition of the death penalty.
可見如有配套措施,並透過教育導正民眾報復思想,應可逐步凝聚廢除死刑之社會共識。
The Ministry of Justice will employ extensive discussion and research to form a popular consensus for abolition, and only then propose the necessary amendments to existing laws to extend human rights protection while maintaining public security.
法務部將會透過廣泛討論與研究,凝聚多數民眾支持廢除死刑之共識後,才會提出廢除死刑的法律修正案,以兼顧人權之保障及治安之維護。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Article source: 中華民國法務部有關廢除死刑之政策
http://www.moj.gov.tw/fp.asp?xItem=26742&ctNode=28252
Image source: https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/10043/3613790
★★★★★★★★★★★★
時事英文: https://bit.ly/2Gtsduy
the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 玳瑚師父 Master Dai Hu Facebook 的精選貼文
《萬萬不可失的佛手》
The Buddha's Hand You Absolutely Cannot Miss
(English version below)
生死是個大輪迴。輪迴它本身就是一種苦,就算有樂,樂也不比苦長,樂後恐更墮落,求出無期也。所謂:人不為己,天誅地滅。這句話絕對不是叫我們,自私自利,不管他人死活。這句話反而是提醒我們,好好善待這色身,然後去修行,將這色身內的心靈,昇華到永恆快樂的境界,即極樂淨土是也。要知道太陽與月亮,就是不自私,這世間才會有光明啊!要知道雨水因不自私,生靈才能得到滋潤啊!
說到人都是自私的,那為何大家不來一個「徹底的自私」呢?也就是一次過地將,五百劫、一千劫、一萬劫或更久遠的劫數,就在這一世把它給斷了,一勞永逸呢?這時的吾是聽不到,妳你們的回應的。那就先說吾自己吧!近二十年前吾就已毅然決定,來個「徹底的自私」,先修好自己,再去化渡其他眾生。但問題是,那時的吾連一個初學者的稱號,都不符的人,如何能去化渡其他眾生,由其是連自己都化渡不了。
吾想吾過去世,資糧道實有修,因此很快地就碰到一位師兄,與吾結緣一本《蓮生活佛講地藏經》。偶一翻開拜讀,心中如實的感動。感動什麼呢?感動這本佛書,能如此輕易地解答吾內心深處的疑問,也有如黎明破曉般的,讓吾昏暗已久的人生,綻放光明。于是,吾大量請購並參研,蓮生活佛盧勝彥的文集,及其說法的影像光碟,至今已近二十年了。
祂的書真實讓吾拂去多世的業塵,讓吾產生智慧的光環,能利己利她他,冥陽兩利,能立足於天地之間,受用無窮啊!祂的書有如三藏十二部,祂的書有如佛,就在妳你面前說法,祂的書真的可以將身在滾滾紅塵巨浪中的吾等眾生,渡上彼岸,永遠離苦得樂。吾確定祂就是佛,因祂的書每本都顯示出,佛的五大智慧,即法界體性智、平等性智、妙觀察智、大圓鏡智及成所作智也。
密教的金剛大阿闍梨,可以說就是佛陀的身、語、意之象徵,就是人天導師,就是如來,就是應供,就是明行足,就是調御丈夫,就是正遍知,就是無上士, 就是善逝,就是世間解,就是佛。法法平等應無分別。法法應實修實證為真。如今,尊貴、慈悲、偉大的法王聖尊蓮生活佛,履行其渡生宏願,粉身碎骨,不捨一眾生地廣傳即身成佛密法,早已將其佛手,伸到吾等的面前來,吾等應快快緊握,這萬萬不可失的佛手啊!
---------------------------
Life and death is but a huge merry-go-round, a never-ending circle. Reincarnation in itself is a form of suffering. Even if there may be spurts of joy, these are short-lived and often end with a deeper plunge into suffering, with no end in sight. As the saying goes, "All man for himself", this phrase does not ask that we becomes selfish and disregard the lives of others. On the contrary, this phrase reminds us to treat and respect our physical body well, and go onto the path of spiritual cultivation to elevate our souls to the realms of the Eternal Bliss, also known as the Pure Land. You must know that the Sun and the Moon are unselfish entities, thereby bringing Light to this world. Likewise for the unselfish nature of Rain, such that all lives are nourished by it!
Humans are selfish by nature, so why does everybody not be at their most selfish self, and sever, once and for all in this lifetime, the hundreds, thousands and even millions kalpas of karmic cycles? Just a one-time hard work in exchange for eternal comfort! I cannot hear your response to this question now. Let me tell you about myself. Almost 20 years ago, I laid down my vows to be my "most selfish" self, and started to cultivate my spiritual aspect, before coming out to deliver salvation to the sentient beings. The problem at that time was, I was not even a beginner in the Dharma to speak of, how was I going to propagate the Dharma when I could not even deliver myself?
I believe I must have accumulated, from my previous lives, plenty of merits for spiritual cultivation, resulting in an early affinity with a Dharma brother. He gifted me a book titled "Sutra Of The Past Vows Of Earth Store Bodhisattva, interpreted by Living Buddha Lian Sheng". I gave it a read one day, and it touched my heart deeply. Why was that so? I was deeply touched because this Sutra easily answered all the doubts hidden in my heart all these years. It was like the first light breaking out at dawn, and shone upon my life that was shrouded in darkness, and empowered me to burst into life. As a result of this positive experience, I bought Living Buddha Lian Sheng's books and CDs of His Dharma discourses in troves and studied them in depth for the past 20 years.
His books truly swept away my karmic grime accumulated over many lifetimes, and enabled me to grow in Wisdom and bring benefits to myself and others, both the living and the spirits. His wisdom allows me to stand on my own in this world, and enjoy endless benefits! His books are like the scriptures in the twelve divisions of the Tripitaka, and reading them, you can feel as if the Buddha is right in front of you, expounding the Dharma. His books empower all sentient beings trapped in this Samsara to reach the shores of liberation and free themselves from sufferings, attaining eternal bliss. I am absolutely sure that Living Buddha Lian Sheng is truly a Buddha, because every copy of His books are demonstrated the Five Wisdoms of the Buddha, namely the All-Encompassing Wisdom, Wisdom of Equality, Discriminating Wisdom, Mirror-like Wisdom and All-pervading Wisdom.
In Tibetan Buddhism, the Varja Masters represent the Body, Speech and Mind of the Buddha. The Varja Master is regarded as the Satthā devamanussānaṃ, the Tathagatha, the Arahant, the Vijjācaraṇasampanno, the Anuttaro purisadammasārathi, the Sammāsambuddho, the Sugato, the Lokavidū, the Buddha. All Dharma practices are equal, and ought to be actualized through practical cultivation. Today, the esteemed, compassionate and revered Dharma King, His Holiness Living Buddha Lian-Sheng, is fulfilling His Great Vows to deliver all sentient beings, even if it means crushing His bones and smashing His body, through His Dharma transmissions, which will transform one into a Buddha within this lifetime. He aspires never to forsake a single sentient being. He has already extended His Buddha's hand to right in front of us, and we should all reach for His hand ASAP. This is a Buddha's hand you cannot afford to miss!
www.masterdaihu.com/the-buddhas-hand-you-absolutely-cannot-miss/
the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 李嫣 JC Youtube 的最佳解答
大家最近是不是跟我一樣待在家卯起來追劇?
記得訂閱開啟小鈴鐺 ➧ https://reurl.cc/nnlLr1
了解更多 ➧ https://linkby.tw/bibo_li
今天要來和大家分享一首我的創作,靈感就是來自於一部英國的影集,叫作“The end of the fucking world!”我真的太喜歡這部劇所以看完就寫下了這首歌 : The End Of The Fucking World
故事是在敘述兩個受傷的靈魂相遇的故事,一直以來他們都過著自己不想要的生活,快樂對他們來說遙不可及,在一個沒人願意真心在意且愛他們的環境下成長,是一部很貼近人們內心瘡疤的成長故事。
生命中有很多時候會讓我們感到挫折跟絕望,當下會覺得這世界真的爛透了。然而大環境的改變不是我們能去控制的,無力感更讓人無所適從。像是這個月疫情又大爆發,很多原本該進行的計畫也都被迫延期,生活上也添加了很多的不便…
只能關在家的日子特別容易有厭世感,所以先錄一個木吉他版本跟你們分享,讓我們一起把所有的悶悶不樂都宣洩掉!
-
The End Of The Fucking World
詞/曲:#李嫣
日復一日的無聊生活
日子終究還是得過
抱怨永遠不嫌多
壽命還沒到半百
一副要死不活的狀態
到底如何走向未來
The end of the fucking world
My life is a struggle
I can’t breathe no more
Please take me oh my lord
So i can’t feel the pain anymore
➧完整版以後一定會讓你們聽到的
➧唱副歌很舒壓
➧疫情期間沒事的話也可以把這部劇找來看
the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 蔡佩軒 Ariel Tsai Youtube 的最佳貼文
BILINGUAL: 中文 CHINESE 00:00|英文 ENGLISH 12:12
Podcast每週四10點一集 👉https://arieltsai.lnk.to/ArielsWhisper_CH
YouTube每週日11點一集👉https://bit.ly/3ucWNiG
我的新書《做好自己喜歡的事,就會閃閃發光》想跟大家分享我入行以來,對於這一行有著不一樣的理解,所謂的好、成功的定義,好像都跟入行前想的不一樣。
從前還在當學生的我,覺得考第一名、唸好學校,還進入了UBC的藥學系,這些成功讓我非常有成就感,而在網路上的名氣也讓我覺得走音樂這條路是可行的,於是我回到台灣,沒想到發了片,我卻覺得越來越空虛,好不容易發行的第一張創作專輯,卻遇上疫情,讓未來的路越來越不清楚,我才發現,進了這一行,並不是我很努力,事情就會按照我想要的方向走。如果一直想要成功,就會越來越不快樂,越成功,就會越快樂嗎?其實最重要的,就是「快樂」而已。
沒有所謂的「成功」,沒有人可以定義成功,只要心靈富足,做好自己喜歡的事,喜歡這樣的自己,真的就會閃閃發光。我坦然接受真實的自己,我希望我無時無刻都能閃閃發光。
節目的最後,送給大家《青春有你》,為夢想,我們一起努力吧!
《青春有你2021》歌曲收聽:https://arieltsai.lnk.to/TY2
✨
Being in the entertainment industry has changed me. What I used to hold on to has been challenged, and I shared about how I’ve adapted and redefined success in my new book “做好自己喜歡的事,就會閃閃發光” (Do What Makes You Sparkle), which I want to discuss further in this episode with you.
What’s your definition of success? Don’t let the world tell you what you should be or not be. Let’s redefine success together - your own kind of success that gives you real peace and contentment.
**Song at the end “To Youth 2021”: https://arieltsai.lnk.to/TY2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
秘密計畫終於公佈:我出書了!
✨📕新書《做好自己喜歡的事,就會閃閃發光》✨
Ariel 蔡佩軒的 3 步驟夢想實踐清單
【首刷限量隨書贈:夢想清單記事本】
■ STEP1 談夢想:沒有夢想很正常。不確定自己的夢想,更正常
■ STEP2 寫日記:最糟的都撐過去了。現在,不是最糟的時候
■ STEP3 列清單:堅持不是一個長跑,它是很多一個接一個的短跑
...............................................
📔博客來 (獨家限量親簽版 + 限量夢想記事本)👉https://reurl.cc/AgQQyY
📔博客來👉🏻https://reurl.cc/2bX4Va
📔誠品 (獨家封面版 + 限量夢想記事本)👉🏻https://reurl.cc/9ZMzxx
📔誠品 (獨家封面版)👉🏻https://reurl.cc/E2kKyn
📔MOMO (獨家限量海報版 + 限量夢想記事本)👉🏻https://reurl.cc/9Zjj1O
📔金石堂 (贈限量夢想記事本)👉🏻https://reurl.cc/Gd7kDD
📔墊腳石 (贈限量夢想記事本)👉🏻6/3網路及門市開賣
📔讀冊生活👉🏻https://reurl.cc/Agx1Lp
📔三民👉🏻https://reurl.cc/WE5509
...............................................
📔博客來電子書(首賣二週) ─ 新書上線7折、境好電子書展單書再88折、二書85折👉🏻https://reurl.cc/2bX4Va
...............................................
【海外購書】香港、馬來西亞、新加坡實體書店預計7月初可以到貨
📔新加坡、馬來西亞:大眾書店👉🏻https://ppt.cc/fK9FVx
📔香港:香港商務/三聯/中華/誠品/城邦
📔其他:博客來 (海外運送)👉🏻https://tinyurl.com/yegltbc5
📔PChome 全球購物 (103個國家)👉🏻https://global.pchome.com.tw/
-----------------------------------------------------
🔔 SUBSCRIBE訂閱: http://bit.ly/ariel_youtube
📸INSTAGRAM: http://bit.ly/ariel_tsai_IG
▶︎Facebook: http://bit.ly/ariel_tsai_FB
▶︎YouTube副頻道: http://bit.ly/2VdVX3A
▶︎小魚家族: http://bit.ly/2j4GMKk
▶︎TikTok: http://vt.tiktok.com/JBNFxy
▶︎抖音: http://bit.ly/2Jb0hPL
▶︎微博: http://bit.ly/2mRyCab
【青春有你2021】歌曲收聽:https://arieltsai.lnk.to/TY2
Ariel首張個人實體專輯【ARIEL】:https://ArielTsai.lnk.to/ARIEL
#Ariel悄悄對你說 #ArielsWhisper #Ariel蔡佩軒
the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 暗網仔 2.0 Youtube 的最佳貼文
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dw_kid12/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/deepwebkid/?modal=admin_todo_tour
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/2LjUOH9T9j21GiX8jzytu6
訂閱: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8vabPSRIBpwSJEMAPCnzVQ?sub_confirmation=1
我最高觀看次數的影片 (我為何不再拍暗網? 只說一次): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbihKaqEEQw&t=127s
首支單曲: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UASHWB6Ai9Y
我的成長故事: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kdhtp6A6YJE
這位才是真正的網絡垃圾: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlJYDx1GP-U&t=263s
Billie Eilish出賣靈魂的方法: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfB1S2uy5Po&t=115s
日本最殘酷的直播節目: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7E81OKVX7wc
我受夠了, 我的精神困擾: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQ6uxaQhiS4&t=7s
Youtube印度神童驚世病毒預言破解KFK未來人事件
Youtube印度男孩驚世病毒預言破解KFK未來人事件
最近迷上了Netflix德國劇Dark (暗黑). 故事講述一班失蹤兒童帶出一個小鎮heen連幾個家族, 一百多年的時光穿越劇情. 故事骨幹未來人回到過去找33年前的自己想阻止災難發生.
未來人和時光機正正就是災難的源頭. 因果報應. 開始就是終結, 終結亦是開始: 無限循環. 命運亦是一早預定了. 你人生又有什麼想改變呢?
大家好又是我暗網仔一起去我們的命運看一看.
[2021年世界會更差...]
幾個月前看到這條2019年8月22號上載的 ‘Severe danger for the world...’ 影片. 長達20分鐘影片震驚網路, 因為可以見到一個大約12-3歲的印度籍男孩用占星術, 預言3個月後 2019年11月至2020年4月會發生的大事. 包括: 全球大災難. (#1, 3:41-3:49) 片中他講述因為星座行星(雙子和射手) 的旋轉造就一個廣傳病毒. (#1, 10:32) 需要全球大量人才解決.
還有預言印度西北方向的國家 (伊朗, 阿富汗) 會發生大變亂. (#1, 5:00) 水星和火星靠近導致世界入經濟危機.
事後這預言影片受到廣泛關注. 而正當大家在稱贊或懷疑這位14歲的Abhigya Anand (阿比吉亞·阿南) 時, 7月25日再出一條預知2020年11月到2021年11月的影片. 2020年12月會是木星和土星自1623年貼得最近. 而在2021年2月所有行星的排列一致, 無論政府或疾病問題都會是高峰.
其實我拍了這麼多有關預言的影片常常問自己為什麼我們一早已經知道這些事情會發生, 甚至知道確定日期, 但也不能夠去阻止他發生呢? 因為時空是存在於一個叫casual loops paradox (命定悖論) ?面.
(#2, 8:23) 用 ‘神童’ 做例子: 片中提到是整個社會的人對疾病的恐懼導致我們人體免疫系統變弱所以我們末來才這麼危險. 同時這條和相關的影片就是導致憂慮和恐懼的源頭.效果正正就是造成神童想那一件事. 這就是the classic question: 是有雞先或是有蛋先呢?
同樣大家在討論中國網 ‘豆瓣’ 出現的網民KFK聲稱自己是來自2060年的人也可以tou上這個casual loops paradox命定悖論裡.
2019年6月22號KFK開始預言2019年會是人類轉折點. 2030年手機會被ai隱形眼鏡代替. 2038年機器人普及化. 但好像他的重點是2050年後我們會終於知道字宙存在之謎而全球會在精神心靈上一個大醒覺. 老高亦推段KFK不是實體而是精神上像一個靈體或鬼一般的存在. 主要因為KFK的真身出生也是同一個時間發生而同一個時空是不能存在同一個人.
網上大家推測這些事是否真的會發生. 根據casual loops是會的. 會造成社會心理學現像Self fulfilling prophecy, 表示一樣東西的 ‘預言’ 令人潛意識不經意引導去造成最後這個結果, 而就相信是 “jing定”. 最有名的example是Oedipus的神話故事. 一個因為被預言會殺死自己爸爸然後chuey了自己媽媽的oedipus嬰兒被放逐. 因此導致他最後不知情自己身世, 殺死自己爸爸, 自己媽媽結婚.
但印度神童和KFK做預言和穿yuet這些事是因為他們遵守更浪漫的grandfather paradox祖父悖論. 相信他們講這些未來東西是可以改變歷史讓我們變更好的.
所以我開頭問大家你人生有什麼改變?
我人生沒什麼遺憾. 但如果要我可以回到過去我一定會跟18歳的自己講快一點拿起相機追尋自己夢想. 當時大學時有機會讀戲劇, 但因為身邊的人叫我讀一些比較 ‘sut juy’ 一點的科目最後放棄. 之後幾年在大學wun wun ok ok, 25歲才開始暗網仔. 當然之前20歳頭也有拍東西. 但也常常想如果我早一點開始拍東西, 而可能當時我18歲做暗網仔你根本不會喜歡我. 或許我做半年就方hei以後就不做這行業. 也許casual loops paradox才是真的, 永遠要這樣發生. 如果...如果...如果... 如果世界上有時光機我變jung tung. 但我時認知的世界是沒有時光機的, 也不能回頭. 所以我們只能向前看.
The end
其實對於時間是有第三個theory.
在物理學家Carlo Rovelli的書the order of time提到時間在我們的知覺裡面是情感觀察.
過去和將來在物理上是不存在的. 時間是人類的腦用來思考的一樣工具. 也是我們大腦經歷的一種感覺. 以這個理論可以否定所有的穿越劇吧!
“Time flies when you’re having fun”
the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 the end of the world後會無期在PTT/Dcard完整相關資訊 - 說愛你 的推薦與評價
關於「the end of the world後會無期」標籤,搜尋引擎有相關的訊息討論:. GEM 邓紫棋《后会无期》live piano version ( Lyrics ) 天天向上...2015年1月4日· The End ... ... <看更多>
the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 the end of the world後會無期在PTT/Dcard完整相關資訊 - 說愛你 的推薦與評價
關於「the end of the world後會無期」標籤,搜尋引擎有相關的訊息討論:. GEM 邓紫棋《后会无期》live piano version ( Lyrics ) 天天向上...2015年1月4日· The End ... ... <看更多>
the end of the world 後 會 無期 在 GEM 鄧紫棋- 後會無期MV (清晰版連歌詞) - YouTube 的推薦與評價
詞:韩寒曲:Arthur Kent & Dee Sylvia 《 後會無期 》(Continent),由暢銷作家韓寒擔任編劇導演。 曲原自Skeeter Davis原唱的 The End of the World ... ... <看更多>